Please visit Purdue OWL's page on APA In-Text Citations for more information.
| In-Text Citations | |
| A work by one author |
Research by Smith (2016) shows... Research on immigration demonstrates... (Smith, 2016). |
| A work by two authors |
Research by James and Jones (2015) shows... Research on immigration demonstrates... (James & Jones, 2015). |
| A work by three or more authors |
Research by James et al. (2015) shows... Research on immigration demonstrates... (James et al., 2015). |
Please visit Purdue OWL's page on APA Reference Lists to see other source examples.
For each entry, all lines after the first line should be indented one-half inch from the left margin (the examples below do not include the correct indentation).
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Reference Lists |
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| Article in a Scholarly Journal |
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. https://doi.org/xxxxxxxxx [if available] OR http://www.website.com Example: Pula, K., McPherson, S., & Parks, C. D. (2012). Invariance of a two-factor model of social dominance orientation across gender. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 385-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.046 |
| Newspaper Article (online) |
Author, A. A., Author, B. B. (Year, Month Day) Title of article. Title of Newspaper. http://www.website.com Example: Bakalar, N. (2018, April 10). Traumatic brain injuries are tied to dementia. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/10/well/mind/traumatic-brain-injuries-are-tied-to-dementia.html |
| Website |
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year, Month Day). Title of website. http://www.website.com Example: American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Immigration. https://www.apa.org/topics/immigration/index.aspx |
| Book |
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher. Example: Bhatia, S. (2018). Decolonizing psychology: Globalization, social justice, and Indian youth identities. Oxford University Press. |
| Chapter in an Edited Book |
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pages of chapter). Publisher. Example: Chen, X. (2011). Culture, peer relationships, and human development. In L. Jensen (Ed.), Bridging cultural and developmental approaches to psychology: New syntheses in theory, research, and policy (pp. 92-112). Oxford University Press. |
When directly quoting from a source, you need to include the author, year of publication, and the page number where you found the quotation.
For example:
Recent research on social dominance orientation found that "men are higher than women in GBD and OEQ" (Pula et al., 2012, p. 389)
You could also write it like this:
According to Pula et al. (2012) "men are higher than women in GBD and OEQ" (p. 389).
Please visit Purdue OWL's page on APA In-Text Citation Basics to learn more about quotations.
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