Please visit APA Style's page on In-Text Citations and the Author-Date Citation System for more information.
| In-Text Citations | |
| A work by one author |
Research by Smith (2016) shows... Research on immigration demonstrates... (Smith, 2016). |
| A work by two authors |
Research by James and Jones (2015) shows... Research on immigration demonstrates... (James & Jones, 2015). |
| A work by three or more authors |
Research by James et al. (2015) shows... Research on immigration demonstrates... (James et al., 2015). |
Please visit APA Style's page on Reference Examples to see other source examples and the References page to learn more about reference lists.
For each entry, all lines after the first line should be indented one-half inch from the left margin (the examples below do not include the correct indentation).
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Reference Lists |
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| Article in a Scholarly Journal |
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. https://doi.org/xxxxxxxxx [if available] OR http://www.website.com Example: Blevins, K., & Wesner, K. (2019). Access to government officials in the age of social media. The Journal of Civic Information, 1(1), 32-60. https://doi.org/10.32473/joci.v1i1.115658 |
| Newspaper Article (online) |
Author, A. A., Author, B. B. (Year, Month Day) Title of article. Title of Newspaper. http://www.website.com Example: Phillips, M. (2020, July 18). In 'And She Could Be Next,' women of color take on politics. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/28/arts/television/and-she-could-be-next-pbs.html |
| Website |
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year, Month Day). Title of website. http://www.website.com Example: International Federation of Journalists. (2020). Gender equality. https://www.ifj.org/what/gender-equality.html |
| Book |
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher. Example: Vickery, J. R, & Everbach, T. (2018). Mediating misogyny: Technology, gender, and harassment. Palgrave MacMillan. |
| Chapter in an Edited Book |
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pages of chapter). Example: Blevins, K. (2020). #TakeaKnee and the intersection of toxic-masculinity & race. In M. Marron (Ed.), Misogyny & media in the age of Trump (pp. 267-282). Lexington Books. |
When directly quoting from a source, you need to include the author, year of publication, and the page number where you found the quotation.
For example:
Recent research on government officials' social media accounts proposed that "there should be clear guidelines regarding when social media accounts are public fora" (Blevins & Wesner, 2019, p. 58)
You could also write it like this:
According to Blevins and Wesner (2019) "there should be clear guidelines regarding when social media accounts are public fora" (p. 58).
Please visit APA Style's page on Quotations to learn more.
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